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Why is the doctor performing this surgery?
To replace a poorly functioning heart valve. The valve can be narrowed and obstruct blood flow (called
Stenosis), or it can be floppy/leaky (called Insufficiency). Properly functioning heart valves are essential to direct the flow of blood thru the heart, and to maintain a normal workload for the heart. The most common heart valves surgically replaced are the mitral valve and the aortic valve.
What is the surgery?
This surgery is an open-heart procedure to remove the poorly functioning (either
Stenotic or Insufficient) valve, and replace it with either a mechanical (synthetic/man-made) or a tissue (biologic/from another organism) valve. The pumping and oxygenation function of the heart is taken over by a heart-lung machine during the surgery, and medications are given that briefly paralyze the heart (Cardioplegia). This way, the heart is completely at rest while the surgeon performs the replacement surgery.
Please note: Patients receiving a mechanical valve replacement will be required to take a blood-thinning medication called Coumadin (an anticoagulant) daily for life to prevent blood clots from forming on the prosthetic valve.
Where is the surgery performed?
In the Operating Room (OR), under general anesthesia.
How long does this surgery take?
The surgery length of time will vary based on which valve is replaced, the type of replacement valve, the patient's underlying medical condition, etc, but a good estimate for Valve Replacement Surgery is 3 - 6 hours.
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